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Articles

Vol. 2 (2025): KolaDaisi University Journal of Applied Sciences

Annona muricata Mitigates Kidney Damage in Rats following Chronic Exposure to Bromate

DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17428608
Submitted
October 23, 2025
Published
September 20, 2025

Abstract

Kidney disease ranks among the leading causes of death globally, steering research towards finding safe, natural, and affordable regimens for its cure. Annona muricata leaves have been used in traditional medicine and contain a myriad of antioxidants, which contribute to their pharmacological properties. This study investigated the effect of Annona muricata methanol leaf extract on potassium bromate (KBrO3)-induced renal toxicity in male Wistar albino rats. Forty-two male albino rats, divided into seven groups of six rats each, were used. Group 1(Control) received normal saline, group 2 received only 125 mg/kg body wt. KBrO3, while groups 3 and 4 received 150 and 300 mg /kg body wt. extract only respectively. Groups 5, 6 and 7 received 150, 300, and 450 mg/kg wt. extract along with KBrO3, respectively. All treatments were administered orally for ninety days. Using standard methods, serum urea and creatinine, tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were assayed. Kidney histopathology and haematology analysis. The extract significantly (P<0.05) lowered urea, creatinine and MDA levels while GSH level, and activities of GPX, CAT, and SOD. Although there were no significant changes in white blood cells (WBCs), red blood cells (RBCs) and platelets (PLTs), histopathological analysis revealed fairly normal glomeruli and tubules, with mild interstitial congestion. The results from this study suggest that Annona muricata methanol leaf extract effectively restored kidney function by improving antioxidant enzyme activity and can serve as a source of natural products for drug design.